Статья, копирайт, эссе, essay, psychology, personality, - Psychology - Копирайт - Наши работы

Nowadays people started to speak a lot about personality. It happens because almost everyone understands that knowing yourself and knowing other people can help them in many spheres of our life. Our personality is still a mystery but there have been a lot of scientists that were interested in studying it, and have succeeded to some extent. And of course the mystery of human personality could not have missed the attention of psychologists – people who probably know about us a little bit more than other people. They proved that our personality has a very strong impact on everything that happens to us. There are a lot of people around us so our personality influences our relations with other people. The way we feel about them, the way we behave ourselves with them and the way we build our relations are defined by various and unique features of our characters. That is why some people can easily establish relations with anyone they want, and there are people who cannot even ask a stranger the time. Our personality also influences the way we try to cognize the world, the way we learn new things. Some people do it easily and with great pleasure, but someone can hardly imagine himself or herself learning something new at will, not under compulsion. We also choose professions according to our personality. One person likes active job and communication with many people; others prefer to stay at home and avoid any possible contact. Sometimes people can hardly explain this or that inclination but personality can act subconsciously. It also depends on our personality whether we have a chance to be promoted or not, whether we can built good relations with our partners and therefore make a strong team and bring a great profit to the company we work at, or not…

… The Myers-Briggs personality assessment is a questionnaire that helps people to study their personality, their inner world. It is based on Carl Gustav Jung researches of human nature and the theories presented in his book "Psychological Types” (1921). The results of his researches were taken and interpreted by Katharine Cook Briggs and Isabel Briggs Myers who was her daughter. Their intention was to elaborate the indicator that could determine people’s psychological preferences. This indicator was supposed to explain the mechanism of making preferences, perceiving the world and decision making. The MBTI had a real success when it saw the world. The publisher called it the most trusted and the most successful tool of personality assessment. The proponents of the MBTI claim that the model shows construct validity of its components, the coherent consistence of the elements and reliability that results in the same indicators after several retesting. However, the Myers-Briggs model is not justified scientifically. It is mainly based on Jung’s theory about psychological types that was not tested scientifically. Therefore there is no scientific conformation of the validity of the Myers-Briggs personality assessment. The validity of the given model is highly criticized, as the achieved results totally depend on an interviewer’s true answers. That fact cannot be verified by any means, so the exact and scientifically valid results are based on human’s honesty, that is, of course a very changeable feature. Besides many researched proved that the reliability of the tests is not very high. Thus, one person being retested several times may appear to have different types of personality that cannot be possible. The utility of the Myers-Briggs tests is also argued very much. Thus, according to the authors’ point of view each type of personality responds to a definite set of professions. But human’s personality is not something that can be absolutely clear to a scientist, so it is not always possible to identify one’s relation to this or that job. The same things concern learning, as people can change their attitude to various spheres of knowledge in different periods of their life. On the other hand the comprehensiveness of the test is very high, as the given results are explained in a profound and logical way, so that to make a person comprehend what to do with the information he or she gets. The applicability of the Myers-Briggs personality assessment is also very high, as these tests were applied even to children. Though sometimes variations are to be expected, as children’s personality changes very quickly and make them answer the same question in a different way. So, the cultural utility is realized at a very good level. These tests embrace rather wide sphere of human’s life: the way our personality influences our life, relationships with other people, out learning, our work, career, and many other important aspects of human’s life.

The Rorschach Apperception tests also deal with human’s personality but on an absolutely different basis, comparing with the previous one. It has nothing to do with logic and questionnaires. The Rorschach Apperception tests are based on person’s emotional perception of the surrounding world and deal with images, shapes and forms. This personality assessment is closely connected with the way how a person can differentiate things, objects, and people in inkblots that are not usually symmetrical. One of the main advantages claimed by the supporters of this test is that a person cannot anticipate the "right” answer, as could happen in case of questionnaires. It impossible to foresee what is to be seen in the blot. That is why our brain answers instead of us and therefore we have a chance to know more about ourselves. This test is often used to study human’s emotional state. The Rorschach Apperception tests may be extraordinary useful while examining a patient for emotional instability, nervous disorder or the disorder in thinking process. These tests got the name of their inventor, Professor Hermann Rorschach. Unlike questionnaires these tests are widely used in medical establishments. They are widely used almost everywhere by many psychiatrist all over the world. However not every specialist treats these tests to be scientifically justified and therefore valid. They are called unreliable as no one can judge correctly what is good and what is bad about this or that interpretation of a picture or an inkblot. A doctor can use them in his studies, make some conclusions, but he does not have a professional right to trust them absolutely. The better way is to judge the patient’s health using several different methods that can supplement each other. The comprehensiveness of the Rorschach Apperception tests is argued on the same basis. Different specialists that apply these tests for various purposes can interpret the results in many different ways. Thus, if a person sees something in an inkblot and several doctors give their opinions, the diagnoses may appear to be various and therefore incorrect. That is of course inadmissible. The comprehensiveness of the Rorschach Apperception tests is also widely argued as even the same person can make different conclusions in different state of mind or even in different mood. On the other hand, the applicability of the inkblot test is very wide. Thus, alongside with hospitals and mental institutions, they can be used judging the mental state of the people who cannot explain their feelings in coherent words, or are inconsistent in their narration. These tests can be also applied to judge about small children’s health and state of mind, as they also cannot explain many things if they are asked directly about this or that feeling. Besides, the Rorschach Apperception tests are very popular in criminal cases, when it is extremely important to find out whether a criminal is not mentally healthy, or just try to pretend that. As to the cultural utility, the Rorschach Apperception tests are not very objective if used without any other special investigations. But if they are combined with some other methods of cognizing human’s personality, the effect may appear to be very vivid and applicable…

… All these tests have a lot of advantages alongside with disadvantages. The most appropriate way to cognize oneself is to combine all these methods and to make the right conclusions. Besides no test is universally true, so it is better not to believe everything absolutely.