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в творчестве балерины Марты
Грэм
There is no
person in the world who is involved in dancing and knows nothing of Martha
Graham. Everyone has at least heard about her.
Martha
Graham is a woman who changed the whole concept of modern dance in many ways.
Graham pioneered many concepts into modern dance which are still used, widely developed
and discussed today.
Martha
Graham was born in Philadelphia in 1894. She studied dance and theater at the
University of Cumnoch. At the time The Denishawn School created by Ruth St.
Denis and Ted Shawn was the premier dance school in America. Ruth St. Denis,
Isadora Duncan and were the pioneers of modern dance, which began to develop on
both the East and West Coasts. The truth is that the new genre rejected the
existing classical ballet as elitist. The Denishawn School forced the changes
in the dance movement and gave it a new direction: the dance styles of many
various cultures were incorporated.
Статья посвящена истории
развития музыки сока и калипсо
Calypso and soca music are widely spread in the
basin of the Caribbean. There are two major cultures in this area: East Indian and
Creole. One of the most important elements of Creole music is the African one.
And in its turn one of the most important elements that characterize this trend
is calypso and soca music in which drums play one of the most important part. Calypso
music appeared on the islands in 1900s. It was a way to satirize politics and
society via music. It originated during slavery when Africans who were
forbidden to communicate with each other performed their music. It was the
Golden Age of Calypso music. The first recordings began in 1914. The first
major performers of Calypso music became known in the 1930s. The first stars of
calypso music were Lord Kitchener and Mighty Sparrow. The most well-known song
in the style of calypso music "Banana Boat Song," was written in 1956
by Harry Belafonte. In fact, it was the first record of calypso music to sell
more than a million copies.
Статья
представляет собой описание капсулы времени
и её содержимого: лучших образцов
искусства и культуры 20 века
We, people
who live in the very beginning of the 21st century greet you, the
generation of the 22nd century. We sent this message to you in order
to show you our life, to share our values with you and to remind of some things
that were very important and valuable for us.
The 20th
century was filled with different events. Some of them were terrible, sanguinary
and disastrous. Other events were happy, glad and joyful. But all of them were
meaningful and crucial for life of future generations.
Статья
посвящена анализу оперы Джакомо Пуччини «Турандот»
Since
ancient times up to the 20th century opera has undergone a lot of
changes. There are four main periods of its development. In the epoch of the
Renaissance Monteverdi made his first opera "Orfeo”. During that period most of
the opera theatres originated in Italy and the most peculiar features of opera
style were music, songs, lyrics, dances and costumes. These components made
opera a rather famous entertainment. The 17 – 18th centuries gave
the world the Baroque opera. The performance of the Baroque opera entailed
various difficulties as, for example, the imitation of ancient musical
instruments. In the end of the 18th century the classical opera
predominated. One of the greatest musicians who wrote operas in classical style
was W. Mozart. The 19th century gave the genre of opera romantic
character; and the late 19th and 20th centuries changed
opera to what we now know as modern opera. Modern opera has lost the touch of
aristocracy and royalty. The themes have also changed. Modern operas tell us
about different people, their emotions, joys and sufferings.
One of the most popular and famous genres of music is
salsa. It comes from Puerto Rico. Salsa got a very strong influence of
vibrating and energetic black music from the African continent. Salsa resembles
mambo to a certain extent. It actually originated from mambo having become the
independent musical genre. Nowadays the name of the genre denotes a rhythm, but
originally it was a genre derived from Cuban rhythms such as Chachacha, Son and
Mambo. The present salsa corresponds to a music style. This modern genre plays
Cuban rhythms, such a Son, Guaracha, Son Montuno and Guaguanco. In this respect
Johnny Pacheco – a man who is considered to have shown salsa to New York –
claims that salsa has always had Cuban origin and has always been its native
music.
Rumba is
one the music genres that originated in Cuba. The Latin America gave life to
many popular musical genres and rumba is probably one of the most famous ones among
them. The term originated from the Spanish word that means "party”. This term
describes the energetic and lively rhythms that are adored by many people, not
only Latin. It became the mixture of the musical motives of African people who
came to the Caribbean region and the Spanish inhabitants of the Latin America.
There are several types of rumba: Cuban rumba (a musical style that resulted in
both music and dance), the Rumba dance proper, Flamenco Rumba (it is also known
as the music of gypsies, or Rumba Gitana) and African rumba (the rumba that
became the source for the Latin rumba; it originates from Congo). Rumba has
always been a folk music and later a folk dance.
Michelangelo
Buonarroti and Leonardo da Vinci are two prominent masters of the 16th
century that worked at the same epoch of the Renaissance. It is difficult to
imagine that these artists were born at the same time and in the same city of
Florence. But many biographers, historians and admirers of their works noticed
that Michelangelo and Leonardo were competitors and even enemies.
Michelangelo
Buonarroti and Leonardo da Vinci were two great men of art. Both of them were
innovators of art. They used very bright and vivid images that will never be
forgotten and will always be used by artists many centuries after. Both of them
are distinguished from other artists by unconventional and unusual ways of
transferring their ideas on canvas, stone or other material. Their works are
praised during many centuries because of the vivid and bright colors, volume
and depth in their works.
"Nighthawks” is a
painting made in 1942 by Edward Hopper – an American artist. This work of art
is loved by many Americans as it is considered to be one of the greatest
paintings of the modern times. Nowadays this painting is stored at the Art
Institute (Chicago, Illinois). We can see four people at the picture. They are
sitting at the diner and they apparently eat or drink something. There is a
couple: a man and a woman. Two cups are in front of them but they stand aside.
They seem to talk to each other or, probably, to think something over. A woman
has a very effective appearance: she has red hair, besides she is wearing a red
dress that makes her a bright light spot. The man is wearing dark clothes that
emphasize the woman. Both man’s and woman’s nosed resemble beaks. That fact can
make a hint to the title of the picture "Nighthawks”. There is one more visitor
of the diner: this person does not show his face. We can see only his back. He
may eat or drink something. He seems a lonely person especially comparing with
the couple. The fourth man on the painting is the barman as he is wearing a
special uniform. All these people can be easily seen through the large window.
The diner is illuminated very well, and the street is of course darker, thought
the street itself is illuminated with the fluorescent light. Above the diner
there is an advertising: "Phillies”.
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